There's something about Koreans and their culture that just seems to captivate people worldwide.
Maybe it's the way they take such pride in their traditions, or it's the fascinating way their society functions. Perhaps it's the surging popularity in modern entertainment, specifically K-Pop and K-Dramas.
Whatever the reason for the attraction to Korea, one thing is for sure – Korean culture is like no other, and it's definitely worth taking the time to learn more about it!
This extensive guide explores everything from the origins of Korean culture to its current manifestations. We'll also look at some of the different styles of Korean culture that are popular worldwide and discuss how you can get involved in traditional Korean ways yourself.
So read on if you're curious about Korea – or just looking for new ideas to add to your cultural repertoire!
A Brief History of Korean Culture
Let's start at the beginning.
Korean culture has its roots in the ancient kingdom of Gojoseon (Joseon), which was founded in 2333 BCE. From there, it evolved through a period of Chinese influences before becoming its own distinct entity around the 1st century CE.
During the Three Kingdoms period (57 BCE – 668 CE), Korea was divided into the kingdoms of Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla. Each kingdom had its own distinct culture, but all three were heavily influenced by Chinese culture due to the close proximity of the two countries.
It wasn't until the Unified Silla period (668-935 CE) that Korea began to develop its own unique identity with the introduction of Buddhism from China. This new religion had a profound effect on Korean culture, art, and architecture, all of which began to display strong Buddhist influences.
The Goryeo Dynasty (918-1392 CE) was a particularly prosperous time for Korean culture, as the country experienced a period of peace and stability. This allowed for great advances in the arts, with new innovations in painting, pottery, and metalwork. During this time, many of Korea's most famous historical sites were built, such as Gyeongbokgung Palace and Bulguksa Temple.
From here, there have been plenty of cultural golden ages for this smaller yet bustling region of the world. In the Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910 CE), Confucianism became the dominant religion, significantly impacting Korean values and traditions. This was also a time of great achievement in the fields of science, medicine, and technology.
Modern Korean culture began to take shape during the Japanese occupation (1910-1945 CE), as Koreans began to assert their own identity and cultural autonomy. This continued after Korea's liberation in 1945, with the country's rapid economic development in the second half of the 20th century.
This led to a newfound global interest in Korean culture, which has only grown in recent years thanks to the rise of "Hallyu" or the "Korean Wave."
This term refers to the proliferation of Korean pop culture around the world, and it's something that Koreans are extremely proud of.
Say, for example, a new band takes off in Korea, and their music travels all over the world and is listened to in places like the US and Europe, then this band would be known as Hallyu Stars, as they've contributed to the Korean Wave.
And, of course, there's no denying that K-Pop, K-Dramas, and more have taken the world by storm, giving people all over a taste of modern Korean culture.
At the same time, traditional Korean culture is still very much alive and well, with many people continuing to practice age-old customs and traditions.
What are the main themes of Korean culture?
There are a lot of themes that could be used to define Korean culture. From respect for yourself and others to the importance of family, there are just a few core values that Koreans live by. However, here are a few themes that everybody should know.
Respect
Respect is a hugely important part of Korean culture. This can be seen in the way that people speak to each other, with elders always being addressed formally and with honorifics.
It's also evident in how people behave in public, as Koreans are generally very well-mannered. This respect also extends to the way people treat their elders, as filial piety is highly valued.
This can be seen in how children take care of their parents as they get older, and it's also evident in how people hold onto tradition.
Speed
Koreans are known for their fast-paced lifestyle, which can be seen in everything from how they walk to how they talk. This is likely because there's so much to do and see in Korea, and not enough time to do it all!
Even food deliveries that take longer than 30 minutes are considered late, and Koreans didn't even have to experience the nostalgic woes of dial-up internet connections. They skipped this era entirely and jumped straight into ultra-fast broadband.
However, this fast pace of life can also be a source of stress, as people are constantly trying to balance work with their personal lives and fight for a train seat or space while crossing the road.
Technology
Korea is a global leader in technology, which is easy to see in the day-to-day lifestyles of everyday people.
It's not uncommon for people to use their phones to pay for groceries (a growing trend in the Western world that still hasn't completely taken hold), and most Koreans have a firm grasp of social media and other digital platforms.
This obsession with technology has led to the rise of the "honjok" culture, which refers to people who enjoy staying at home and spending their time alone. This contrasts the "Jeong" culture, based on social interaction and relationships.
Competition
Koreans are insanely competitive people. Again, you will be racing for a train seat if you ever get the opportunity to go and visit. This competitive streak also extends to the way that people learn, as there's a huge emphasis on education in Korea.
This means that people constantly strive to get into the best schools and get the best jobs, which can lead to a lot of stress. It's common for people to work long hours, and it's common for students to pull all-nighters before exams.
Even from a young age, school children are organized in their classes by height and eventually their test scores, and this only continues in adult life in Korean's personal and professional lives.
This is being tested with the developing Honjok culture but is still very common across Korea.
What are the different styles of Korean culture?
Now we've taken a brief look at the history of Korean culture, let's explore some of the different styles that are popular around the world today.
1. Traditional Korean Culture
Traditional Korean culture is steeped in history and tradition, with influences from Confucianism, Buddhism, and Taoism. This can be seen in everything from Korean architecture and art to language and cuisine.
Some of the most famous aspects of traditional Korean culture include:
- Hanboks: The traditional Korean dress is characterized by brightly colored garments with simple designs.
- Kimchi: A staple of the Korean diet, this fermented cabbage dish is spicy, sour, and absolutely delicious.
- Taekwondo: The national sport of Korea, which combines self-defense techniques with elements of martial arts.
2. Modern Korean Culture
Modern Korean culture was shaped by the country's rapid economic development in the second half of the 20th century. This has led to a more globalized and cosmopolitan culture, with influences from all over the world.
Some of the most famous aspects of modern Korean culture include:
- K-Pop: Korean pop music that has taken the world by storm in recent years.
- K-Dramas: Popular Korean television dramas that are often romantic in nature.
- Seoul: The capital city of South Korea, which is a bustling metropolis with a unique blend of old and new, making it one of the most enriching travel destinations in the world.
- eSports: Korea is the home of modern eSports and prides itself on some of the most successful teams in the world. If you have any interest in eSports, whatever the game, you'll be looking into Korea.
3. Hallyu Culture
Hallyu culture refers to the global phenomenon of the Korean Wave, which is the proliferation of Korean pop culture worldwide. This includes everything from K-Pop and K-Dramas to fashion and food.
What are some of Korea's known customs and traditions?
1. The Celebration of Spring
It is a Korean tradition to celebrate the coming of spring. It takes place on the first day of the lunar calendar and is a time for family and friends to get together, enjoy the weather, and eat delicious food. This is around the time when dozens of cherry blossom festivals will be held across the country.
2. Chuseok (추석): The Harvest Moon Festival
Chuseok is one of the most important holidays in Korea, as it celebrates the harvest and gives thanks to the ancestors during the autumn season. Families gather together, exchange gifts, and enjoy a feast of traditional Korean dishes.
3. Jeongwol Daeboreum (정월 대보름): The First Full Moon of the Lunar New Year
Jeongwol Daeboreum is a Korean holiday celebrating the first full moon of the lunar new year. Families gather together to eat special rice cakes and share stories around the bonfire.
4. Hanjeongsik: The Korean Cuisine
Korean cuisine is healthy, flavorful, and unique, with various dishes to choose from. Some of the most popular Korean dishes include kimchi (fermented cabbage), bibimbap (rice with vegetables), and bulgogi (marinated beef).
What are some individual customs Koreans partake in?
There are many individual customs that Koreans partake in on a daily basis. These include:
- Bowing: Bowing is a sign of respect in Korea and is often used as a greeting or farewell.
- Taking Off Your Shoes: It is customary to take your shoes off before entering someone's home or a place of worship.
- Giving and Receiving Gifts: Gifts are often given for special occasions, such as birthdays or holidays. When receiving a gift, it is customary to use two hands.
- Eating with chopsticks: Chopsticks are the primary utensil used for eating in Korea. It's considered polite to wait for the oldest person at the table to start eating first and to refrain from sticking chopsticks into rice.
What are some traditional Korean games and activities?
There are many traditional Korean games and activities that both children and adults enjoy. These include:
- Tuho: A conventional Korean game in which players throw arrows into a pot of water.
- Yutnori: A board game played with four sticks, which is used to determine movement around the board.
- Ssireum: A Korean form of wrestling in which opponents try to take each other down to the ground.
- Archery: Archery is a popular sport in Korea and is often used for recreation and competition.
- Taekwondo: Taekwondo is a Korean martial art that emphasizes kicks and punches. It's practiced by both children and adults.
- Video games: Over half the Korean population plays video games regularly, which is far higher than anywhere else in the world.
How can someone get involved with Korean culture and traditions?
There are many ways for people to get involved with Korean culture and traditions. Here are some of the most popular:
- Listen to K-Pop: K-Pop is a genre of Korean pop music that people of all ages enjoy. Many K-Pop bands and artists, such as BTS and BLACKPINK, have gained international popularity.
- Watch K-Dramas: K-Dramas are popular Korean television dramas that often tell romantic stories. Some of the most popular K-Dramas include Goblin, Crash Landing on You, and Descendants of the Sun.
- Try Korean food: Korean food is healthy, flavorful, and unique. Some popular dishes include kimchi, bibimbap, and bulgogi.
- Learn the language: Learning Korean can be a great way to connect with Korean culture. Many resources are available for those who want to learn the language, such as online tutorials, apps, and books.
- Visit Korea: Experiencing Korean culture firsthand is the best way to understand it. There are many beautiful places to visit in Korea, such as Seoul, Jeju Island, and Busan.
The rich and fascinating Korean culture has a long history and many traditions. By understanding Korean culture, everyone can better appreciate the country and its people.
With so many ways to get involved, there is something for everyone to enjoy.
And if you're looking to enjoy the essence of Korea in your own home, then check out the Mandu Market store. We have an extensive collection of Korean-inspired products that people use daily.
From beauty and apparel to gaming equipment, cookware, home decor, and so much more, you're spoilt for choice, and it's no doubt easier than ever to get in touch with the Korean lifestyle yourself.